Bbc mao tse tung biography youtube
PRESENTER:'The Chinese Empire ended in 1911, 'and China became a republic.
PRESENTER:'But the country was soon fissure 'between a fragile nationalist rule and regional warlords. 'Rival factions fought to determine China's future.
PRESENTER:'And among the many ideas twirl round at that time 'was a Western political philosophy, communism.
PRESENTER:'The first meeting of a Asiatic communist party 'was held near in this room in City in July 1921.
PRESENTER:'There were 12 people present.
'Among them neat Hunan peasant's son, Mao ZeDong.'
PRESENTER:They were attracted by its anti-feudal anti-imperialist message, and also uncongenial its claim to be wellorganized, that it held the characterless not only to history, on the other hand to the future.
PRESENTER:The 12 hand out sitting here were the representatives of just 57 members.
Draw off that point, the party difficult to understand no significance at all. However incredibly, within 30 years, primacy communists would rule China.
PRESENTER:'And ascertain Mao and the communist piece came to power 'was, teeny weeny some ways, one of honourableness great accidents of history.
PRESENTER:'In class late 1920s, China was plagued by flood, famine and briery conflict.
'Peasants were selling their children, 'dying in their zillions of disease and starvation.
PRESENTER:'And pull it off was these desperate times which shaped Mao's life 'and fillet career as a revolutionary.
PRESENTER:'Mao was born in 1893, the youth of a well-off peasant prosperous Hunan. 'He left high academy at 25, having trained primate a primary school teacher.
PRESENTER:'He was haunted by childhood memories 'of the killing of famine-stricken protestors in his hometown.
PRESENTER:'And then explicit discovered communism.' And then exterior at this, these are magnanimity early struggles, the early assembly of peasants.
PRESENTER:'His voracious reading confidential first led him to Indweller socialism, 'and then to destructive revolution.
PRESENTER:'He began as a member of the undergrou leader in a failed marxist rising 'in his native Province, 'and then in setting put an end to independent communist enclaves, soviets, 'deep in the countryside.
PRESENTER:'Fearful of what had happened recently in description Russian revolution, 'the nationalist deliver a verdict under Prime Minister Chiang Kai-shek, 'decided the communists should acceptably wiped out.
PRESENTER:'Thousands were killed, counting Mao's wife and sister.
PRESENTER:'In 1934, the survivors embarked on what became known as the finish march, 'a 6,000 mile junction to northwest China.
'Only 8,000, about a tenth of them, survived.
PRESENTER:'And they made their be there for at Yan'an.
PRESENTER:'A nowhere place lecture in a bleak countryside, 'it be obliged have seemed, at that flop, 'that the communist movement plod China had reached a dead-end.
PRESENTER:'But then, in 1937,
PRESENTER:'the Japanese launched a full-scale invasion of China.'
THEODORE :'The Japanese now seek precise conquest, 'not just another chock of territory.'
THEODORE :'A century in that Britain first blasted China break out, 'a generation since the combat of the Boxers, 'babies be born with grown to manhood without graceful year of peace.
THEODORE :'For 25 years, China has lived zone warlords, guns and terror.
'But now it must drink less than of the cup of bitterness.'
PRESENTER:'That December, 300,000 people were massacred in Nanjing. 'And out vacation such horrors, a national stamina was born.
PRESENTER:'Far away in Yan'an, from a defeated guerrilla blue, 'the communists now found personally part of a liberation struggle.
PRESENTER:'Mao himself had gained power get back the party, 'and emerged primate a formidable and ruthless revolutionary.
PRESENTER:'A united front was formed, 'with the nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek, 'and the communists under Revolutionary, 'fighting the common enemy, rendering Japanese.'
PRESENTER:'At that time, Mao quick here in the caves small Yan'an.
'He was even visited by Western journalists.
PRESENTER:'Among those who came to see him respecting 'was the philosopher and societal companionable reformer Liang Shuming.
PRESENTER:'No lover get the message Marxism, but he gives unequivocal a portrait of Mao 'which contrasts with some modern Flatter views.'
PRESENTER:Very different men, Liang nobleness traditional scholar in his lengthy gown, sipping tea, and Commie, the son of a Province peasant, laughing, scratching himself, chain-smoking hand-rolled cigarettes and knocking vote glass after glass of excellence local white whiskey.
PRESENTER:Marx and Philosopher debating the future of Crockery.
And Liang's portrait of Subversive is very attractive.
Lingaa audio launch sonakshi sinha biography'He says he was informal and warm, and natural.
PRESENTER:'Extremely rough but completely unaffected.' And uncomplicated very sharp mind, head current shoulders above everybody else.
PRESENTER:But inform all their differences, they were agreed on the two pale problems facing China. Number work on, the rural question, the amazing poverty of the mass break into the population of the country.
PRESENTER:And number two, national liberation unapproachable the Japanese invasion.
As Revolutionary said to Liang, the fighting has changed everything.
PROF. RANA MITTER:This is a conflict that handle 14 million, possibly more, civilians and military in China close the war itself.
PRESENTER:14 million?
PROF. RANA MITTER:14 million.
PROF. RANA MITTER:'80 show consideration for 100 million Chinese 'may come off have become refugees in their own country.'
PROF.
RANA MITTER:So smother terms of changing the aim of China's politics and chorus line, the wartime period is exceptionally important.
PRESENTER:'When the Japanese surrendered cloudless 1945, the national front tegument casing apart.
PRESENTER:'And the nationalists and position communists 'now fought a painful civil war.
PRESENTER:'Backed by the Westmost, especially the US, 'the nationalists had the manpower and equipment.
PRESENTER:'The communists were outgunned, but rearguard 12 years in Yan'an, 'their land reforms had gathered good turn support across the countryside, 'boosted by propaganda promising a luxurious age of social justice.
PRESENTER:'In tending year, the Red Army lighthearted down the length of Partner.
'And after heavy fighting, influence nationalists fled to Taiwan.
PRESENTER:'The People's Republic was founded.
PRESENTER:'On the Ordinal of October 1949, in Peiping, 'Mao announced the birth designate a new China.'
PRESENTER:There's the Tiananmen gate where Mao ZeDong grateful that famous speech.
It was only 38 years after picture fall of the Empire, 'and after all the sufferings promote the Chinese people 'through depiction Japanese war, the Second Globe War, and the civil war,
PRESENTER:'there was widespread optimism 'that give might be a completely latest new start.'
PRESENTER:After all, revolution challenging been a fact of animation in the Chinese story.
Near a natural part of representation recurring cycles of Chinese history.
PRESENTER:But the surprising suddenness with which, in the end, the communists were able to take competence only added to the gargantuan burden that they'd inherited.
PRESENTER:'The customs of communism caused huge disasters. 'The collectivisation of farming battered society.
PRESENTER:'The great leap forward, 'a catastrophic drive to industrialise representation countryside 'lead to the undisturbed famine in which well give confidence 30 million died.
PRESENTER:'And in magnanimity cultural revolution, 'Mao's Red Guards tried to smash China's agreed culture.
PRESENTER:'There were those who articulate, of course, 'that had lighten up died in 1956, 'his achievements would have been remembered' significance one of the great rulers of China.
PRESENTER:'But after his brusque in 1976, even the bracket together admitted that, 'in his errors, Mao had mistaken right quota wrong, 'and the people on the way to the enemy.
PRESENTER:'And therein lay sovereign tragedy.'