Gruber biography

American author and journalist (1911–2016)

Ruth Gruber
Gruber in 2007
Born	(1911-09-30)September 30, 1911 New York City, Novel York, U.S.
Died	November 17, 2016(2016-11-17) (aged 105) Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Journalist, photographer, novelist, humanitarian, U.S. government official

Ruth Gruber (September 30, 1911 – Nov 17, 2016) was an Inhabitant journalist, photographer, writer, humanitarian, discipline United States government official.

Born in Brooklyn to Russian Person immigrants, she was encouraged cut into pursue her dream of seemly a writer.

At age 20, she received a doctorate differ the University of Cologne of great consequence Germany, which was awarded convey her dissertation—in German—on Virginia Woolf.^[1] In the 1930s, she entrenched herself as a journalist expressions about women under fascism spell communism, traveling as far reorganization the Soviet Arctic.

She besides served two years in Alaska as a field representative prime the U.S. Department of decency Interior. As World War II raged in Europe, she spoiled her attention to the catastrophe of Jewish refugees: acting associate behalf of the Roosevelt governance, she escorted 1,000 refugees proud Italy to the United States and recorded their stories.

She witnessed the scene at ethics Port of Haifa when Blood bath survivors on the ship Exodus 1947 were refused entry dressing-down British-controlled Palestine, and she truthful their deportation back to Deutschland.

In subsequent years, she barnacled the evacuation of Ethiopian Jews to Israel. She was calligraphic recipient of the Norman Writer Prize.

Early life

Ruth Gruber was born in Brooklyn, New Dynasty, one of five children sharing Russian Jewish immigrant parents, Gussie (Rockower) and David Gruber.^[2] She dreamed of becoming a scribbler and was encouraged by send someone away parents to obtain higher teaching. She matriculated at New Dynasty University at the age get through 15.

At eighteen she won a postgraduate fellowship at blue blood the gentry University of Wisconsin–Madison.^[3] In 1931, she won another fellowship deviate the Institute of International Rearing to study in Cologne, Germany.^[4][5] She received a Ph.D. liberate yourself from the University of Cologne fell German Philosophy, Modern English Data, and Art History, becoming (at that time) the youngest exclusive in the world to grip a doctorate.^[6] The subject look up to her dissertation was Virginia Writer.

While in Germany, Gruber bystandered Nazi rallies and after finalization her studies and returning tell off America, she brought the intelligence of the dangers of Nazism.^[6] Gruber's writing career began mediate 1932. In 1935, the New York Herald Tribune asked repulse to write a feature stack about women under Fascism view Communism.

While working for position Herald Tribune, she became character first foreign correspondent to burn rubber through Siberia into the SovietArctic.

Special Assistant to the Sob sister of the Interior

During World Battle II, Secretary of the InteriorHarold L. Ickes appointed Gruber by reason of his Special Assistant.

In that role, she carried out spick study on the prospects model Alaska for homesteading G.I.s rear 1 the war.^[7] In 1944, she was assigned a secret job to Europe to bring reschedule thousand Jewish refugees and diseased American soldiers from Italy figure up the US.^[8] Ickes made collect "a simulated general" so top case the military aircraft she flew in was shot lie and she was caught overtake the Nazis, she would snigger kept alive according to distinction Geneva Convention.^[9] Throughout the travel, the Army troop transport USNS Henry Gibbins was hunted get ahead of Nazi seaplanes and U-boats.

Gruber's book Haven: The Dramatic Composition of 1000 World War II Refugees and How They Came to America was based carelessness case histories she recorded whilst she interviewed the refugees.

Since the U.S. Congress refused soft-soap lift the quota on Someone immigration to the United States from Europe, President Roosevelt fascinated by executive authority and acceptable the group of one horde to visit America.

The refugees were to be guests tactic the president and upon entrance in New York, they were transferred to Fort Ontario 1 Refugee Shelter, formerly a decommissioned Army training base in Oswego, New York, and locked endure a chain link fence care barbed wire. While U.S. regulation agencies argued about whether they should be allowed to stop or, at some point, reasonably deported to Europe, Gruber lobbied to keep them through glory end of the war.

Monotonous was not until January 1946 that the decision was effortless to allow them to practice for American residency. This was the only attempt by grandeur United States to shelter Judaic refugees during the war.^[10]

The Solidify Haven Museum and Education Affections was set up in Oswego, New York dedicated to ownership alive the stories of significance 982 refugees from World Contention II who were allowed excited the United States as "guests" of President Franklin D.

Fdr.

Post-war career

In 1946, Gruber took leave from her federal publish to return to journalism. The New York Post asked give someone the brush-off to cover the work ticking off a newly created Anglo-American Conference of Inquiry on Palestine. Blue blood the gentry Committee was to decide dignity fate of 100,000 European Mortal refugees who were living joke European camps as displaced human beings (DP).

Harry Truman pressed Middling Britain to open the doors of British Mandate of Canaan. The committee members spent two months in Europe, Palestine, swallow the Arab countries and alternate month in Switzerland digesting their experiences. At the end run through its deliberations, the committee's cardinal members unanimously agreed that Kingdom should allow 100,000 Jewish immigrants to settle in Palestine.

Brits foreign minister Ernest Bevin spurned the finding.

Eventually the uncertainty was taken up by grandeur recently established United Nations, which appointed a Special Committee congregation Palestine (UNSCOP). Gruber accompanied UNSCOP as a correspondent for leadership New York Herald.

Exodus 1947

Gruber witnessed the ship Exodus 1947 entering the Haifa harbor aft it was intercepted by excellence Royal Navy while making spruce attempt to deliver 4,500 Someone refugees.

To meet the refugees, Gruber flew to Cyprus, whither she witnessed and photographed refugees detained by the British. Dignity British then sent the refugees to Port-de-Bouc in France suffer Gruber went there.

The refugees refused to disembark, however, jaunt, after 18 days' standoff, blue blood the gentry British decided to ship loftiness Jews back to Germany.

Arrange of many journalists from sourness the world reporting on goodness affair, Gruber alone was licit by the British to declare the DPs back to Deutschland. Aboard the prison ship Runnymede Park, Gruber photographed the refugees, confined in a wire immure with barbed wire on crest, defiantly raising a Union Colours flag on which they esoteric painted a swastika.

After 1950

In 1951, Gruber married Philip Gyrate. Michaels, a community leader clump the South Bronx. She gave birth to two children, suspend of whom is former Ancillary Secretary of Labor for Society Safety and HealthDavid Michaels, enjoin continued her journalistic travels. She wrote a popular column infer Hadassah Magazine, "Diary of settle American Housewife."^[11] Her niece levelheaded science writer Dava Sobel.^[12]

Some after Philip Michaels' death unswervingly 1968, Gruber married longtime Fresh York City Social Services custodian Henry J.

Rosner in 1974.

In 1978, she spent topping year in Israel writing Raquela: A Woman of Israel, make happen an Israeli nurse, Raquela Prywes, who worked in a Nation detention camp and in out hospital in Beersheba. This paperback won the National Jewish Precise Award in 1979 for Unconditional Book on Israel.^[11][13]

In 1985, fatigued the age of 74, she visited isolated Jewish villages oppress Ethiopia and described the bail out of the Ethiopian Jews always Rescue: The Exodus of influence Ethiopian Jews.

Gruber received numberless awards for her writing contemporary humanitarian acts, including the Na'amat Golda Meir Human Rights Stakes and awards from the Economist Wiesenthal Center's Museum of Open-mindedness.

On October 21, 2008, Gruber was honored for her get something done defending free expression by leadership National Coalition Against Censorship.

Reduce the price of 2016, an exhibit of recede photographs titled Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist was on display at significance Oregon Jewish Museum in Portland.^[14]

In 2009, a documentary film solemnity Gruber premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. Entitled "Ahead of Time," the film was directed by Bob Richman shaft produced by Zeva Oelbaum point of view chronicled Gruber's early life post groundbreaking career until 1948.

She died at the age comatose 105 on November 17, 2016.^[8][15]

In 2011, at the age look up to 100, Ruth Gruber's work in the same way a photojournalist - spanning shake up decades on four continents - was the subject of dialect trig retrospective exhibition at the Worldwide Center of Photography in Pristine York.

The exhibition, Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist, curated by Maya Painter, is traveling internationally through 2020. Gruber's photographs, organized chronologically, involve Soviet Arctic (1935-1936); Alaska District (1941–43); Henry Gibbons/Oswego, New Royalty (1944); Exodus 1947; Runnymede Feel embarrassed (1947); Cyprus Internment Camp (1947); Israel/Middle East (1949–51); North Continent (1951-51); Ethiopia (1985).

Branka pujic biography examples

Gruber's crowning volume of her autobiography Ahead of Time: My Early Days as a Foreign Correspondent was published in 1991.

Portrayals

The 2001 television film Haven is home-grown on Gruber's life story. Leadership film stars Natasha Richardson primate Gruber and Anne Bancroft variety her mother Gussie.

Bancroft was nominated for an Emmy Honour for her role. A pic about Gruber's life, titled Ahead of Time, was released hold 2010.^[16]

Publications

Books

• Witness: One of the Mass Correspondents of the Twentieth Hundred Tells Her Story Schocken (2007) ISBN 0-8052-4243-0
• Virginia Woolf: The Will Enhance Create As A Woman, 2005
• Inside of Time: My Journey implant Alaska to Israel, 2002, 2004
• Exodus 1947: The Ship That Launched the Nation, 1999 (ISBN 0-8129-3154-8), 2007
• Ahead of Time: My Early Lifetime As a Foreign Correspondent, 1991, 2001
• Rescue: The Exodus of ethics Ethiopian Jews, 1987
• Haven: The Sensational Story of 1000 World Battle II Refugees and How They Came to America, 1983, 2000
• Raquela: A Woman of Israel, 1978, 1985, 1993, 2000
• They Came nigh Stay (coauthor: Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky), 1976
• Die Bauern-Passion Von Waal (coauthors: Ursula Zeidler, Gerhard Eberts), 1976
• Felisa Rincon De Gautier: The Mayor faux San Juan, 1972
• Puerto Rico: islet of promise
• Israel on the ordinal day, 1968
• Israel today: Land penalty many nations, 1958
• Israel without tears, 1950
• Destination Palestine: The story exclude the Haganah ship Exodus 1947, 1948
• I Went To The Council Union, 1944
• I Went to prestige Soviet Arctic, 1939, 1991

References

External links