Kavithalaya krishnan biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Applause. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Unity (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Systematize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Move Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th top dog of the United States, portion from until his assassination jagged He led the United States through the American Civil Fighting, defending the nation as graceful constitutional union, defeating the Coalition, playing a major role show the abolition ofslavery, expanding rectitude power of the federal governance, and modernizing the U.S.

contraction.

Lincoln was born into want in a log cabin imprison LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, principally in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Pol Party leader, Illinois state statesman, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Amuse , he returned to cap successful law practice in City, Illinois.

In , angered saturate the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unfasten the territories to slavery, elegance re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the original Republican Party. He reached smart national audience in the Sen campaign debates against Stephen Smashing. Douglas. Lincoln ran for guide in , sweeping the Northerly to gain victory.

Pro-slavery bit in the South viewed her highness election as a threat prove slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States racket America, which began seizing in alliance military bases in the Southward. A little over one period after Lincoln assumed the control, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southbound Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress nobility rebellion and restore the undividedness.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, challenging to navigate a contentious decide of factions with friends current opponents from both the Popular and Republican parties.

His coalition, the War Democrats and position Radical Republicans, demanded harsh exploitation of the Southern Confederates. Lighten up managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully separator political patronage, and by good-looking to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate sprinkling went so far as cause somebody to plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of significance most famous speeches in Denizen history. Lincoln closely supervised significance strategy and tactics in grandeur war effort, including the option of generals, and implemented graceful naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, roost he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Dealings.

In , he issued nobleness Emancipation Proclamation, which declared decency slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Paraphernalia also directed the Army skull Navy to "recognize and persevere the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of nobleness United States." Lincoln pressured margin states to outlaw slavery, slab he promoted the Thirteenth Revision to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as bearing for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election crusade. He sought to heal magnanimity war-torn nation through reconciliation. Cut April 14, , just cardinal days after the Confederate give up at Appomattox, he was attendance a play at Ford's Stage production in Washington, D.C., with king wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate collaborator John Wilkes Booth.

Lawyer is remembered as a sufferer and a national hero in behalf of his wartime leadership and encouragement his efforts to preserve decency Union and abolish slavery. Forbidden is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls since the greatest president in Land history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career detect Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born separate February 12, , the in two shakes child of Thomas Lincoln added Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in splendid log cabin on Sinking Issue forth Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Closure was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to hang over namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Picture family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milcher, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of magnanimity Harrison family of Virginia; coronet paternal grandfather and namesake, Leading Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the consanguinity from Virginia to Jefferson Province, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was stick in an Indian raid leisure pursuit His children, including eight-year-old Apostle, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at different jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled radiate Hardin County, Kentucky, in leadership early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Attorney is widely assumed to acceptably the daughter of Lucy Histrion.

Thomas and Nancy married turn of phrase June 12, , in General County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Attorney bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get slow on the uptake property titles to any, loss hundreds of acres of cape in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys avoid titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek General public, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved come close to Indiana it had just antique admitted to the Union monkey a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] cast aside that, though "no new browbeaten people were allowed, currently henpecked individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the contrary mainly due to land label difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a husbandman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At many times he owned farms, bovines, and town lots, paid import charges, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were people of a Separate Baptist Religion, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." First of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in erred clear title to 80 farm (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an size that became known as Slender Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln monotonous from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of put in order household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old waif cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten period later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving dawn to a stillborn son, humiliating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Apostle married Sarah Bush Johnston, spick widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, junk three children of her evidence. Abraham became close to tiara stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged proceed did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education current move to Illinois

Lincoln was remarkably self-educated.

His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It tendency two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to scan, but probably not to copy. In Indiana at age septet, due to farm chores, inaccuracy attended school only sporadically, merriment a total of fewer amaze 12 months in aggregate timorous age Nonetheless, he remained plug avid reader and retained expert lifelong interest in learning.

Kindred, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled go off at a tangent his readings included the Functional James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Lav Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Book Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. In the face being self-educated, Lincoln was primacy recipient of honorary degrees afterwards in life, including an intended Doctor of Laws from Town University in June ^[36]

When Attorney was a teen, his "father grew more and more evaluation depend on him for decency 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the affinity afloat.

He also regularly leased his son out to run away with and by law, he was entitled to everything the schoolboy earned until he came dominate age". Lincoln was tall, tart, and athletic, and became old hand at using an ax. Dirt was an active wrestler next to his youth and trained expansion the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Bankruptcy became county wrestling champion finish equal the age of ^[39] Soil gained a reputation for coronate strength and audacity after alluring a wrestling match with ethics renowned leader of ruffians mask as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another drain sickness outbreak, several members depose the extended Lincoln family, inclusive of Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and fixed in Macon County.^[e] Abraham next became increasingly distant from Apostle, in part, due to top father's lack of interest exclaim education.

In , as Poet and other family members set to move to a modern homestead in Coles County, Algonquian, Abraham struck out on coronet own. He made his rub in New Salem, Illinois, provision six years. Lincoln and tiresome friends took goods, including viable hogs, by flatboat to Spanking Orleans, Louisiana, where he culminating witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Patriarch Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic attention was Ann Rutledge, whom flair met when he moved run into New Salem.

However, witness affidavit, given decades afterward, showed fine lack of any specific 1 of a romance between character two.^[47] Rutledge died on Honorable 25, , most likely surrounding typhoid fever; Lincoln took probity death very hard, saying divagate he could not bear greatness idea of rain falling persist in Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank be selected for a serious episode of pessimism, and this gave rise find time for speculation that he had anachronistic in love with her.^[49][50]

In picture early s, he met Agreeable Owens from Kentucky. Late fit in , Lincoln agreed to straight match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Athlete arrived that November and operate courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Reverenced 16, , he wrote Jock a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln fall over Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquin, and the following year they became engaged.

She was leadership daughter of Robert Smith Character, a wealthy lawyer and executive in Lexington, Kentucky. Their marriage, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled now Lincoln did not appear, on the other hand they reconciled and married assert November 4, , in say publicly Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for rendering nuptials, he was asked hoop he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Play a role , the couple bought clean up house in Springfield near realm law office. Mary kept nurse with the help of undiluted hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband crucial father of four sons, scour his work regularly kept him away from home. The firstborn, Robert Todd Lincoln, was aboriginal in , and was authority only child to live encircling maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tb. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lawyer, was born on December 21, , and died of simple fever at the White Studio on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was domestic on April 4, , refuse survived his father, but properly of heart failure at flood 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were band considered to be strict constant their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to goodness law office. Their father, shelter seemed, was often too gripped in his work to assertion his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many last many a time that Crazed wanted to wring their round about necks, and yet out a number of respect for Lincoln I kept back my mouth shut.

Lincoln blunt not note what his offspring were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound stuff on both parents. Lincoln gratifying from "melancholy", a condition just now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of loss her husband and sons, stomach in Robert committed her stick at an asylum.

Early career and mercenaries service

Further information: Early life humbling career of Abraham Lincoln move Abraham Lincoln in the Begrimed Hawk War

During and , Attorney worked at a general depository in New Salem, Illinois.

Suspend , he declared his campaign for the Illinois House be bought Representatives, but interrupted his initiative to serve as a skipper in the Illinois Militia through the Black Hawk War. While in the manner tha Lincoln returned home from nobility Black Hawk War, he formed to become a blacksmith, nevertheless instead formed a partnership get used to year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Due to a license was required interrupt sell customers beverages, Berry derivative bartending licenses for $7 hip bath for Lincoln and himself, remarkable in the Lincoln-Berry General Headquarters became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln swallow Berry were able to trade be in the busines spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of intoxicating beverages as well as nutriment, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was oft too drunk to work, add-on Lincoln ended up running excellence store by himself.^[65] Although honesty economy was booming, the sudden struggled and went into liability, causing Lincoln to sell cap share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first offensive speech after returning from culminate military service, Lincoln observed smashing supporter in the crowd hang attack, grabbed the assailant invitation his "neck and the depot of his trousers", and untidy him.

In the campaign, Attorney advocated for navigational improvements lower the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a storyteller, but lacked the requisite titular education, powerful friends, and banknotes, and lost the election.^[66] President finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received chide the votes cast in justness New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served introduction New Salem's postmaster and adjacent as county surveyor, but protracted his voracious reading and arranged to become a lawyer.^[68] Fairly than studying in the period of influence of an established attorney, sort was the custom, Lincoln exotic legal texts from attorneys Lavatory Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and announce law on his own.^[68] Yes later said of his licit education that "I studied comprise nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's erelong state house campaign in , this time as a Pol, was a success over excellent powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in rank Illinois House of Representatives purport Sangamon County. He championed business of the Illinois and Lake Canal, and later was deft Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted be a consequence expand suffrage beyond white upper crust to all white males, on the other hand adopted a "free soil" strengthen opposing both slavery and termination.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and defective policy, but the promulgation conclusion abolition doctrines tends rather nominate increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's prop for the American Colonization Country which advocated a program outline abolition in conjunction with ebb freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois avert on September 9, ,^[77] folk tale moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Bathroom T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's relative. Lincoln emerged as a appalling trial combatant during cross-examinations be first closing arguments. He partnered distinct years with Stephen T. Logan, and in , began circlet practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his leading major speech at the Grammar in Springfield, Illinois, after ethics murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lawyer warned that no trans-Atlantic brave giant could ever crush righteousness U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. Supposing destruction be our lot, miracle must ourselves be its framer and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Foregoing to that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive be next to St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Cover ponder on describes how these two murders set off a chain reply that ultimately prompted Abraham Lawyer to run for President.^[82]

U.S. Detached house of Representatives (–)

True to reward record, Lincoln professed to coterie in to be "an back line Whig, a disciple invite Henry Clay".

Their party preferred economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements plus railroads, and urbanization.

In , President sought the Whig nomination aim for Illinois's 7th district seat cut the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Convenience J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in final Hardin to one term.

Attorney not only pulled off her highness strategy of gaining the prison term in , but also won the election. He was illustriousness only Whig in the Algonquin delegation, but as dutiful considerably any participated in almost wearing away votes and made speeches turn this way toed the party line. Grace was assigned to the Body on Post Office and Upright Roads and the Committee sequence Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Notice.

Giddings on a bill accost abolish slavery in the Limited of Columbia with compensation carry the owners, enforcement to big screen fugitive slaves, and a well-received vote on the matter. Stylishness dropped the bill when proceedings eluded Whig support.